గురుకుల టీచర్స్‌ ప్రత్యేకం

Parliamentary Committee means a committee, which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker and which works under the direction of the Speaker and presents its report to the House or to the Speaker and the Secretariat for which is provided by the LokSabha Secretariat.



Broadly, the Parliamentary Committees may be classified into the two categories:

(i) Ad hoc Committee and

(ii) Standing Committee.



 Ad hoc Committees

Ad hoc committees are constituted by the House or by the Presiding Officers, singly or jointly, for a specific purpose and cease to exist when they finish the task assigned to them and submit a report.

The usual Ad hoc committees are the select or joint committees on Bills and others like the Railway convention committee, set-up to review the rate of dividend payable by railways to the general revenues, and those constituted to enquire into and report on specific subject.



Joint Parliamentary Committees

Joint Parliamentary Committee is one type of Ad hoc Parliamentary committees constituted by Parliament. It is mandated to inquire into a specific subject.



A JPC (Joint Parliamentary committee) is constituted either through a motion adopted by one House and concurred by the other or through communication between the presiding officers of the two houses.



The members are either elected by the Houses or nominated by the presiding officers.

The strength of a JPC may vary. The terms of reference of a JPC are decided by the parliament itself.

JPC have overarching powers of summoning any authority including the Prime Minister and seeking attendance.



Standing Committees

Standing committees are those committees, which are either elected by the House or nominated by the Presiding Officer(s) (i.e. the Speaker in the case of the LokSabha and the Chairman in the case of the RajyaSabha) periodically and are permanent in nature.



Some important Standing Committees of the LokSabha are as follows:

1. The Business Advisory Committee

2. Committee on Privileges

3. Committee on Government Assurances

4. Estimates Committee

5. Rules Committee

6. Committee on Empowerment of Women

7. Committee on public Undertakings

8. Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

9. Public Accounts Committee



Financial Committees Committee on Estimates

The Estimates committee constituted for the first time in 1950 is a Parliamentary committee consisting of 30 members selected every year by the LokSabha amongst its members in proportion of party strength. It is the largest committee of the Parliament. A minister cannot be elected as a member of the committee. The term of office of the committee is 1 year.



Function of Estimate Committee

Report what economies, improvements in organization, efficiency of administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates may be effected.



Suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration.

Examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates; and Suggest the form in, which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament. The Committee does not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by the Rules of Procedure of LokSabha or by the speaker.



Public Accounts Committee

It is the oldest committee in existence from 1921. The committee consists of not more than 22 members including 15 members of LokSabha and 7 members of RajyaSabha. The members are elected by their respective Houses. The Chairman is appointed by the Speaker and is usually from the opposition party.



Functions of the Committee are as follows:

1. The main function of PAC is to examine the annual audit reports of the CAG, which are laid before the Parliament by the President. The CAG submits three audit report namely Audit report on appropriation accounts, Audit report on finance accounts and audit report on public undertakings.

2. To scrutinise the accounts of the government so that the money dispersed were legally available for and applicable to the purpose to which they have been granted.



 3. The expenditure conforms to the authority which governs it.

4. That every re-appropriation has been made in accordance with the provisions made by competence authority.

 5. The PAC examines cases involving losses, nugatory expenditure and financial irregularities. It scrutinises the reports of the CAG.



Committee on Public Undertakings

The Committee on Public Undertaking (CPU) consists of 22 members 15 elected by LokSabha and 7 elected by RajyaSabha.

The term of the committee is 1 year.



Functions of Committee on Public Undertakings

To examine the reports and accounts of public undertakings.

To examine the reports of CAG on select PSUs.

To ascertain whether that affairs of the public undertaking are being managed in accordance with the sound commercial principles.